Apparatus for the analysis of gases.



J. A. GALDWELL.

APPARATUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GASES.

LIPLIUATIOH FILED NOV. 1B, 1907. I 906,687. Patented Dec. 15, 1908 3SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A TTORNE YS J. A. CALDWELL.

APPARATUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GASES.

Patented Dec.1 5,1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Z zgflEA/TOH ATTORNEYS APPLICATION FILED NOV.15,19D7.

J. A. CALDWELL.

APPARATUS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GASES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 16, 1907 906,687. Patented Dec. 15,1908. 8SHEETS-SHEET 3,

V5 T01? 42 (52W ATTMNEYS JOHN A. CAMCXELL, OF MON'ICLAIR, NEW JERSEY.

APPARAKT' 'S FOB TIIE ANALYSIS CF GASES Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 15, 1908 Application filed. November 16. 1907. Serial No.402,379.

To all re/mm, it mwy concern:

Bait known that l, JOHN A. CALDWELL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for theAnalysis of Gases, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is adiagrammatic view of the ppparatus, portions being shown in section; ig.2 a plan view of the rotatable record card holder and the motor foroperating it; Fig. 3 an end elevation thereof, the record card holderbeing shown in sectional view:

Fig. 4 a detail View showing the octagonal card holder and the markingdevice; Fig. 5 a detail view of the means for taking gas from a furnace;Fig. 6 a detail view of the selective valve for taking: gas from aseries of furnaces in succession; Figs. 7 and 8 detail views of thevalve for controlling the movel i l l i a l l l l l i l i i l l i l i il ment of the gas from the furnace to the measuring chamber and to theabsor *tion chainher; and Fig. 9 a detail view 0 the means for drawingthe gas from the furnaces.

This invention has relation to a lunch: nical means where by apractically continuous record is automatically produced showing thepercentage of carbonic acid presentin furnace gases. so as to provide apermanent and reliable imlication of the condition of coinbustion forthe guidance of engineers.

One of its many objects is to provide Sllir 36 p10, urn-wrote, andreliable apparatus for analyzing: gases from a series of turn aces, andfor producing a permanent nnhvidual card 5 will be hereinafterdescribed.

record showing: the conditions of combustion in each furnace.

A further object of the invention is to provide a rotatable recordcardholder adapted to hair :1 number of cards and to give said holder asteuby-step movement and a longitudinal movement, 21 [Hi to providemeans for showing: the condition of the furnace gases. 'lhore are manyother important objects andadvantages of the invmitirj-n which will beparticularly described hervi nu lter.

Referring to the various parts by numerals, 1 designates 2. series ofboiler furnaces, said furnaces IN-Pill}: diagrammaticnlly indicated.These boilers arc count-riled to a selective inmarking; on the cards aporniancnt record. 1

take valve or device 2 by suitable pipes 1. From the valve 2 the gas isled through pipe 3 to a oint near the bottom of a suctionre ulatingchamber 4 filled with water or other suitable sealing liquid. Pipe 3 isopen at its lower end and may be extended any suitable distance downinto the liquid contained in said. chamber, for a purpose which will behereinafter set forth.

The top of chamber 4 is connected by pipe 1-3 to a valve casing 5containing the rotatable valve 6 having a series of ports. To one of theports in the valve casing a pipe 7 is connected, the lower end of thispipe being in communication with the top of a stationary measuringchamber 8. To the lower end of this measuring chamber is connected itflexible rubber pipe or tube 9 which extends below the measuring chambera suitable distance and is then turned and brought upward. A smallchamber or bottle 10 is connected to the upper end of tube 9, andcarrics a ring 11 at its upper end to which the suspending and liftingcord 12 is attached.

to raise and lower them as will be hereinafter described.

Connected to the valve casing 5 is an outlet pipe 35 which is ada ted tobe brought into communication wit the i e 7 at the proper point in therotation of t e valve 6, whereby a measured quantity of gas from thechamber 8 will be passed through said ipe as An a sorption chamber 16 isconnected to the outlet end of pipe 15 so that gas may be delivered frompipe 7 through the valve 6 into said chamber. Within said chamber isarranged any suitable material adapted to absorb carbonic acid. I preferto use otash, and to place in the chamber a suite le quantitycf ironwire netting. Connected to the bottom of the absorption chamber is a pie 17, which is carried up to a suitable point a ove the ab sorptionchamber and is connected to the iiexible cord 20 which passes over.suitable pulley 21 and carries at its other end the ccvsntsnbalaneeweight 22. Theweights 19 and 22 are equal so that the weight 19 willmove u and down according to the displacement 0 the liquid in chamber18.

Secured to the drum 14 is an actuatin drum 29; and wound on said drum isa cor 30 whose lower end is connected to a vertically reciprocating bar31.

This bar is m ed vertically by a crank arm 32 which rot tes in a yoke33. The crank arm is carried by from t e main shaft of the motor 36. Thecrank 32 is of such length and the drum 29 is so proportioned withrespect to the drum 14, that the'required vertical movement of thechamber 10 is secured, and said movement is predetermined and isconstant.

The operation of this ortion of my apparatus is as follows :T e chamber10 and tube 9 is su plied with a suitable uantity of liquid an the upperend of the c amber 10 is open to the atmosphere. When the bar 31 israised by the crank arm 32, the chamber 10 is lowered. This dro pin ofthe chamber 10 causes a correspon 1n drop of the liquid in the measurincham er 8. The lowering of the liquid in t e chamberS produces a vacuumin the upper part of said chamber and in the pipe 7 so that when saidpipe is connected to pi e 3 gas will be drawn cm pipe 3 through t e liuid in chamber 4 to pipe 3 and then throug the valve 6 and pipe 7 tochamber 8, thereby filling said chamber with a certain quantity of gasfrom one of the furnaces connected to the selective valve. At this pointthe valve 6 rotates cut ting off communication with pipe 3 and lacingpipe 7 in communication with pipe 15 leading to the absorption chamber.The crank arm 32 has now made a one-half revolution and is depressingthe bar 31 thereby elevating the chamber 10 and the tube 9 connected toit. This causes the liquid in the said chamber and tube to again assinto chamber 8 and to force the gas there rom into the absorptionchamber. When the CO is absorbed, the unabsorbed gas forces the liquidfrom said chamber into the displace ment chamber 18. Any movement of theliquid in the displacement chamber causes a correspondin movement of thebalanced Wei ht .19. he larger the percentage of carbon 0 acid in thefurnace ases the smaller will be the amount of liquid dis laced by theunabsorbed gas and consequent y the shorter will be the movement of thebalanced weight 19. When the chamber 10 has reached its maximum heightall the gas from the measuring chamber 8 has been driven to theabsorption chamber and the unabsorbed gases have lifted the weight 19.Connected to the Wei ht 19 is a markin device whereby the 83 heig t ofthe weight will be recorded at the a shaft 34 driven by suitable gearingas from the measurin completion of each 0 oration, thereby indicatingthe amounto CO absorbed in the chamber i6. 1

It will readily be understood that the movement of the chamber 10 beingconstant a certain amount of gas will be drawn into the chamber 8 ateach movement of the chamber 10, and that said fixed quantit of gaswould cause a certain dis lacement o the iquid in the dis lacement camber if all of said as were forced into the absor tion cham er and noneof it absorbed. t is, therefore, apparent that the extent of movement ofthe weight 19 will indicate theamount of as not absorbed in the potashchamber. hen the chamber 10 has been raised to its uppermost positionand all of the chamber 8 has been orced into the absorption chamber thevalve 6 places the pipe 15 in communication with the escape pipe 37 sothat the unabsorbed gases may pass from the absorption chamber to theatmosphere.

To make a permanent record of the movements of the weight 19 I providean apparatus which consists of a horizontally mounted octagonal drum 38mounted on a rotatable tube 39. This tube is rotatably supported at oneend in bearings 40 and is formed with a lon exterior key-Way 41. Mountedin a fixed earing 42 and extending longitudinally into the tube is anon-rotatab e screw rod 43. Secured to the drum is a split nut 44 whichengages the screw, rod and forces the drum therealong as the tubecarrying the drum is rotated. Secured to the tube 39 between thebearings 40, b meansof a rib fitting in groove 41 1s a rate et wheel 45,and also connected to said tube between the bearings 40 is a gear Wheel46. This wheel is connected by a train of gears 47, to a drum 48.carrying a weight and cord 49. The ratchet wheel is provi ed with eightteeth to correspond to the faces of the drum. To permit the ratchetwheel and the drum to have a step-by-step rotative movement I providetwo electrically operated pawls 50 and 51 which serve as an escapementdevice.

To actuate the pawls 50 and 51 I provide a rotating circuit making andbreaking device 52 said device being operated from the main motor shaftby means of the shaft 53 and suitable beveled gear connections with theshaft of the circuit breaker. This circuit making and breaking deviceconsists of a disk provided in its periphery with contact plates 54which, as said disk rotates, complete the circuits between the contactpieces 55 and, 56. The contact pieces 56 control the magnet 57 of thepawl 50 and the contacts 55 control the magnet 58 of the pawl51.

broken at the pieces 55; and when completed through it will be brokenthrough 56. The pawls 50 and 51 each consists of an armature 59 carryinga pawl 60, a spring 61 acting against the magnet and maintaining thepawl 60 in the path of the tooth oi the rate let, except when themagnets are energized. The pawls are so arranged with respect to theratchet teeth that when one pawl is in engagement with the ratchet tooththe other pawl is released therefrom and is resting on the outer surfaceof a tooth, the object being that when the engaged pawl is released theother pawl will stop the ratchet wheel after it has rotated one tooth.The circuit making device rotates at a constant speed and. the drum willmake one complete revolution to each revolution of said device, thedrum, however, making its rotation by a step-by-step movement.

prefer to use an octagonal drum when obtainin records of the conditionsof the gases in our furnaces, and to secure a record can on every .otherface of said drum, whereby" said cards will have a blank space or sideof the drum between them. To make a permanent record on each card Iprovide an electrically o crated marking point 62 which is carried y thecord 20. This marking point is so located on said cord and with respectto the record cari viug drum 38 that it will be adjacent one of thefaces of said drum when the chamber 10 is in its uppermost position andthe balanced weight 19 has reached the length of its upward movement.When the chamber 10 has reached the uppermost point of its movementatinger 63 on the cord 12 will engage two contact points 64 and completea circuit through magnet 65. This magnet is arranged to attract anarmature 66 which is held back by a spring 67. The armature 66 carries apush-plate 68 which is adapted to engage the marking pin and to forcesaid pin against the record card carried by the drum. The. drum-movingmeans is so timed that the drum will be rotated when the chamber 10 islowered and the absorption chamber is connected to the atmosphere topermit the weight 19 to return to its The marking point is then normalposition.

By this meansthe drum below the drum.

and the marking point may be arranged close together andthe movement ofthe marking point under the action of the magnet need be very slight.

It will, of course, be understood that the movement of the selectivevalve 2 must be timed with respect to the movement 'of the drum, so thatthe gas analysis recorded on each card will be from the same furnace,

that is to say, the analysis of gas from No. 1 furnace will be recordedon No. 1 card duringall of the revolutions of the drum, and

likewise with respect to all the other furnaces. By this means I obviatethe use of a complete analyzing apparatus for each furnace.

The selective valve 2 is mounted on a shaft 25 and is provided with aport 25 which is adapted to register with the inlet ports 25 from thefurnace. In the valve casing is formed a gas chamber 125 with which thepipe 3 is'connected. To this chamber is also connected a pipe 25 to theouter end of which is connected a suction exhaust 25 which tends tocause a vacuum in the chamber 25, the suction on pipe 125*, however,being less than the suction on the pipe 3 whereby pipe 3 will be able totake its so. ply from the chamber 25 notwithstanding the suction on pipe25 It will, therefore, be seen that as the valve 2 rotates and its ortis brought in communicationwith t e inlet from the furnaces a supply ofas will be taken from each furnace into the c amber 25 by reason of thesuction on pi e 25" and that a ropcr quantity of gas wil be taken from te chamber 25 into the chambers 8 and 8. The movements of the valve 2 andthe valve 6 are so timed that the port 25* will admit gas to chamber 25from one of the furnaces when the pipe 3 is connected to either pipe 7or 7; and the rotation of the drum 38 and the valve 2 is synchronous sothat each furnace will have an individual card record on said drum. v

-The nut 44 is split horizontally, its sections 44* being hingedtogether. A screw 44 is provided to hold the two sections of the nuttogether around the threaded rod 43. The urpose of using said s lit nutis to permit it to be disengaged from t e threaded rod so that the tube39 and the drum may at any time be moved back to the bearing 42.

In order to render the apparatus rapid in o eration I connect a secondmeasuring 0 amber 8" to the valve casing 5 by a pipe 7", the valve portsbeing so arranged as to place said pipe 7 at the proper times incommunication with the pipe 3" and with the absorption chamber throughpipe 15. A second rubber tube 9 is connected to the lower end of themeasuring chamber, and chaniber 10 is connected to the upper end of saidtube. A ring 11 is secured to the chamber 10 and to said ring is secureda cord 12 which passes upwardly over a ulley 13 and is wound u on thedrum 14 in a direction the reverse 0 that of cord 12. The two chambers10 and 10 and their attached parts balance each other so that 14 againstthe tension of the spiral spring t 'erein.

On the cord 12 18 secured a contact finger 43 which engages a contact 445 when the chamber l0 has been raisedto 10 receptacle 10 or 10 is raisedto its highest point.

The valve 6 is formed with ports 6" and 6 The ports 6*, as the valve 6is rotated, connect the measuring chamber to the furnace and to theabsorption chamber; While the short ports 6 connect the absorptionchamber to the exhaust pipe 37, this valve being so timed in itsrotation that the proper connections are made.

It will thus be seen that when one measured charge of gas is beingdelivered into the absorption chamber from one of the measuring chambersthe other measuring chamber is being charged with gas from the furnace.

I do not claim the specific form of the apparatus for taking gas fromthe furnace and forcing it into the absorption chamber or the specificarrangement of the two measuring vessels and the means for drawing gasinto them alternately from the furnaces as that part of the apparatus isnot my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim' as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A gas analyzing'apparatus comprising means for measuring gaseousproducts of combustion, means for successively connecting said gasmeasuring means to each of a series of furnaces, whereby a charge ofgaseous products of combustion may be taken from each of said furnacesin succession, an absorption chamber, means for delivering the gas fromthe measuring chamber into said absorption chamber, and a single devicefor se arately indicating the amount of gas absorfied from the productsof combustion from each furnace.

2. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising means for taking a measuredquantity of gas from each one of a series of furnaces, an absorptionchamber to receive said measured uantities in succession a displacementc amber connected to the absorption chamber, a marking device toindicate the amount of gas absorbed in the absorption chamber, means forholding a record card for each furnace, and means for actuating themarking device to form an individual record for each furnace.

3. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of gas from each of a series of furnaces,

means for absorbing a portion of each of said iiieasuredlquantities ofgas, a marking means to indicate theamount of gas absorbed, a movablecard -holder, means for moving said card holder synchronously with theselective device, whereby a card will be prepared for each furnaceindicating the composition of the gaseous products of combustion.

4. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of gas from each of a series of furnaces, means forabsorbing a portion of the furnace gas from each of said measuredquantities, a

marking means to indicate the amount of gas unabsorbed, and means formaking a permanent record indicating the composition of the gaseousproducts of combustion in each furnace.

5. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of gas from each of a series of furnaces meansforabsorbing a portion of each of said measured quantities of gas, amarkin means to indicate the amount of gas una sorbed from each of saidmeasured quantities, a movable record holder, means for moving saidrecord holder synchronously with the selective device whereby a separaterecord may be kept for each furnace.

6. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of gas from each of a series of furnaces, means forabsorbing a portion of each of said measured quantities of gas, amarking means to indicate the amount of gas absorbed, a rotatable cardholder having a plurality of flat faces adapted to receive record cards,means for rotating said card holder synchronously with the selectivedevice for each successive operation of said device, whereby a card willbe marked for each furnace.

7. A gas analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of as from each of a series of furnaces, means orabsorbing a ortion of each of said measured quantities 0 gas, a markingmeans to indicate the amount of gas absorbed, a rotatable card holderhaving a plurality of flat faces adapted to receive record cards, meansfor rotatin said card holder svnchronousl with the se ective devicewhereby a card wi 1 be presented to the marking device for eachsuccessive o eration of said device, whereby a card will e marked foreach furnace, and means for moving the cardholder longitudinally.

8. Ages analyzing apparatus comprising a selective means for taking ameasured quantity of gas from each of a series of furnaces, means forabsorbing a portion of each of said measured quantities of gas, amarking means to indicate the amount of gas absorbed from each of saidmeasured uantities, a rotatable card holder, means or giving said cardholder a atep-by-step 'rotative movement, signature in the resence oftwo itnesses ad means fgr actuating the mafiking device the 28th day oftober 1907.

tween'sai rotetive steps an means ormovixpgtheeardholderlogfiitzudinallymhere- JOHN A CALDWELL- by; cardwill be repar for each furnace Witnesses:

uidmeting the con itlon of the fuel gases. WM. R. DAVIS In testimonywhereof I hereunto afiix my Emu H. H. KAUFMANN.

